SARI BUNGA - 花蜜 - Huāmì - मधुरस - Madhurasa - Nectar
Nektar 花蜜Nektar atau sari bunga adalah cairan manis kaya dengan gula yang diproduksi bunga dari tumbuh-tumbuhan sewaktu mekar untuk menarik kedatangan hewan penyerbuk seperti serangga. Nektar dihasilkan kelenjar nektar yang biasanya terletak di dasar perhiasan bunga (perianthium), sehingga hewan penyerbuk mau tidak mau bersinggungan dengan kepala sari (anthera) dan pistil sewaktu mengambil nektar. Nektar merupakan sumber makanan bagi lebah. Dalam budidaya pertanian, nektar sangat penting untuk menarik perhatian serangga penyerbuk. Harum bunga dan warna daun mahkota merupakan isyarat bagi serangga akan tersedianya nektar. Daun mahkota yang terlihat berwarna tunggal menurut penglihatan mata manusia, sebenarnya mempunyai garis-garis yang berpusat ke bagian dasar bunga jika dipotret dengan film sensitif terhadap sinar ultraviolet. Garis-garis yang berpusat ke bagian dasar bunga dapat dilihat serangga dan merupakan isyarat lokasi nektar. Berbagai jenis tumbuhan juga memproduksi nektar yang menarik hewan penyerbuk lain seperti kelelawar dan burung. Sebaliknya, bunga dari tumbuhan yang tidak memerlukan hewan penyerbuk (polinasi abiotik) tidak menghasilkan nektar. Nektar terdiri dari dua jenis, nektar floral dan nektar ekstra floral. Nektar floral dihasilkan kelenjar nektar, sedangkan nektar ekstra floral dihasilkan bagian tanaman selain bunga. Nektar ekstra floral dimaksudkan untuk menarik perhatian serangga seperti semut yang menghisap nektar sekaligus memangsa serangga perusak tanaman.[1] Pranala luarhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektar |
 Bagian-bagian bunga sempurna. 1. Bunga sempurna, 2. Kepala putik (stigma), 3. Tangkai putik (stilus), 4. Tangkai sari (filament, bagian dari benang sari), 5. Sumbu bunga (axis), 6. artikulasi, 7. Tangkai bunga (pedicel), 8.Kelenjar nektar, 9. Benang sari (stamen), 10. Bakal buah (ovum), 11. Bakal biji (ovulum), 12. , 13. Serbuk sari (pollen), 14. Kepala sari (anther), 15. Perhiasan bunga (periantheum), 16. Mahkota bunga (corolla), 17. Kelopak bunga (calyx) |
Nectar 花蜜Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants. It is produced either by the flowers, in which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists providing anti-herbivore protection. It is produced in glands called nectaries. Common nectar-consuming pollinators include bees, butterflies and moths, hummingbirds and bats. Nectar is an ecologically important item, the sugar source for honey. It is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adult stages of some predatory insects feed on nectar.[examples needed] Nectar secretion increases as the flower is visited by pollinators . After pollination, the nectar is frequently resabsorbed into the plant.[1] EtymologyNectar is derived from Latin nectar, the favored drink of the gods, which in turn is the Latinized version of Greek νέκταρ, néktar, presumed to be a compound of the PIE roots *nek-, "death", and -*tar, "overcoming", i.e. has a similar etymology to ambrosia, the immortality-conferring food of the gods. The earliest recorded use of its current meaning, "sweet liquid in flowers," is 1609 C.E.[2] Floral nectariesFloral nectaries are generally located at the base of the perianth, so that pollinators are made to brush the flower's reproductive structures, the anthers and pistil, while accessing the nectar. Extrafloral nectariesNectar produced outside the flower is generally made to attract predatory insects. These predatory insects will eat both the nectar and any plant-eating insects around, thus functioning as 'bodyguards'.[3] Extrafloral nectaries are generally located on the leaf petioles, mid-rib or leaf margin. They are thought to be modified trichomes and exude nectar from phloem sap. Extrafloral nectaries can be found on species belonging to (amongst others) the genera Salix, Prunus and Gossypium. In many carnivorous plants, nectar serves to attract insect prey.[4] Natural components of nectarAlthough its main ingredient is natural sugar (i.e., sucrose (table sugar), glucose, and fructose),[5] nectar is a brew of many chemicals. For example, the Nicotiana attenuata, a tobacco plant native to the US state of Utah, uses several volatile aromas to attract pollinating birds and moths. The strongest such aroma is benzyl acetone, but the plant also adds bitter nicotine, which is less aromatic and therefore may not be detected by the bird until after taking a drink. Researchers speculate the purpose of this addition is to drive the bird away after only a sip, motivating it to visit other plants to fill its hunger, and therefore maximizing the pollination efficiency gained by the plant for a minimum nectar output.[6] Neurotoxins such as aesculin are present in some nectars such as that of the California Buckeye.[7] All twenty of the normal amino acids found in protein have been identified in various nectars, with alanine, arginine, serine, proline, glycine, isoleucine, threonine, and valine being the most prevalent.[1] See alsoReferences
Bibliography
External linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectar |
花蜜花蜜（nectar）网络释义 花蜜红:Necta 花蜜的:nectarial 1、花朵分泌出来的甜汁，能引诱蜂蝶等昆虫来传播花粉 2、指蜂蜜 3、对花儿乐队歌迷的一种昵称，源自"花迷",取谐音：花蜜。 4、对杨谨华粉丝的一种暱称 各种花蜜的功效：
http://baike.baidu.com/view/75144.htm |
| मधुरस | madhurasa | adj. | sweet |
| मधुरस | madhurasa | m. | juice of honey |
| मधुरस | madhurasa | m. | sweetness |
| मधुरस | madhurasa | m. | pleasingness |
| मधुरस | madhurasa | m. | wine palm |
| मधुरस | madhurasa | m. | sugar-cane |
| मधुरसा | madhurasaa | f. | kind of Asclepias |
| मधुरसा | madhurasaa | f. | vine |
| मधुरसा | madhurasaa | f. | Sanseviera Roxburghiana |
| मधुरसा | madhurasaa | f. | bunch of grapes |
| मधुरसा | madhurasaa | f. | Gmelina Arborea |
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